Instuctional+Strategies

SOME TEACHING STRATEGIES: **active learning** - is anything that students do in a classroom other than listen to an instructor's lecture. For example, students partaking in activities such as writing or completing projects.


 * blogs** **book share**- a digital library for print disabled readers. Textbooks, books, newspapers and magazines are available but the default number of downloads per month is 100 books. It is also a non-profit website which is based in California.


 * carousels** - Carousel Brainstorming (also known as Rotating Review) provides scaffolding for new information to be learned or existing information to be reviewed through movement, conversation, and reflection. It is a cooperative learning activity that can be used both to discover and discuss background knowledge prior to studying a new topic, as well as for review of content already learned. This technique allows for small group discussion, followed by whole-class reflection.


 * Corporative learning**:


 * Corporative Learning Model**

In this approach, students share knowledge with other students through a variety of structures. Corporative Learning, as a phrase, originated in the 1960's with the work of David and Roger Johnson. Corporative Learning, sometimes called small-group learning, is an instructional strategy in which small groups of students work together on a common task. The task can be as simple as solving a multi-step math problem together. In some cases, each group member is individually accountable for part of the task; in other cases, group members work together without formal role assignments. According to David Johnson and Roger Johnson (1999), there are five basic elements that allow successful small-group learning:
 * **Positive interdependence**: Students feel responsible for their own and the group's effort.
 * **Face-to-face interaction**: Students encourage and support one another; the environment encourages discussion and eye contact.
 * **Individual and group accountability**: Each student is responsible for doing their part; the group is accountable for meeting its goal.
 * **Group behaviours**: Group members gain direct instruction in the interpersonal, social, and collaborative skills needed to work with others occurs.
 * **Group processing**: Group members analyze their own and the group's ability to work together.

Corporative learning changes students' and teachers' roles in classrooms. The ownership of teaching and learning is shared by groups of students, and is no longer the sole responsibility of the teacher. The authority of setting goals, assessing learning and facilitating learning is shared by all. Students have more opportunities to actively participate in their learning, question and challenge each other, share and discuss their ideas, and internalize their learning. Along with improving academic learning, corporative learning helps students engage in thoughtful discourse and examine different perspectives, and it has been proven to increase students' self-esteem, motivation and empathy. ** Cooperative learning ** is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. Cooperative efforts result in participants striving for mutual benefit so that all group members:
 * gain from each other's efforts. (Your success benefits me and my success benefits you.)
 * recognize that all group members share a common fate. (We all sink or swim together here.)
 * know that one's performance is mutually caused by oneself and one's team members. (We can not do it without you.)
 * feel proud and jointly celebrate when a group member is recognized for achievement. (We all congratulate you on your accomplishment!).


 * digital video** **direct instructio**n

DRTA – Direct Reading Thinking Activity This is defined as a comprehension strategy used to guide students by asking them questions about a text, paragraph or story that they are reading and making predictions and then reading to confirm all predictions made. This encourages students to be active and thoughtful readers and activate a student’s prior knowledge of a topic. It also helps them strengthen their reading and critical thinking skills. internet research (big six) - This is a research strategy that is used to help solve problems and make decisions. There are six components to this strategy. They include: 1. Task Definition - Define the information problem and identify information needed to solve the problem. 2. Informationn Seeking Strategies - Involves brainstorming and selecting the best sources. 3. Location and Access - Locate and find information within sources. 4. Use of Information - Engage and extract information from within source. 5. Synthesis - Organise and present the information. 6. Evaluation - Judge the performance on effectivesness; judge the information problem-solving process on efficiency.
 * discovery learning:** Discovery Learning is a type of learning where learners construct their own knowledge by experimenting with a domain and inferring rules from results of these experiments. Discovery Learning helps students to develop hypotheses to answer questions and it can contribute to the development of a lifelong love of learning.

Just as in a jigsaw puzzle, each piece--each student's part--is essential for the completion and full understanding of the final product. If each student's part is essential, then each student is essential. That is what makes the Jigsaw instructional strategy so effective." Instructional Strategies online
 * jigsaw - "** Jigsaw is a cooperative learning strategy that enables each student of a “home” group to specialize in one aspect of a learning unit. Students meet with members from other groups who are assigned the same aspect, and after mastering the material, return to the “home” group and teach the material to their group members.


 * journals**- are regular publications that contain articles on current research. They can be used to write about topics of personal interest, note observations, to imagine, to wonder and connect new information. Journals fosters learning and children can be actively engaged in their own learning.


 * peer tutoring** -Peer tutoring- Is where we use peers of the same or close age group to motivate, stimulate and enhanced learning as a means of passing on information. Peer partner learning is a collaborative experience in which students learn from and with each other for individual purposes.


 * problem-based learning- is a student centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject in the context of complex, multifaceted and realistic problems. The goals of problem base learning are to help the students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation. Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to resolution of the problem. The tutor must build students confidence to take on the problem, encourage the student, while also stretching their understanding.**


 * Project-based Learning** - This is where students learn by investigation, it's objective is to encourage the students' interest and motivation. it is designed to answer questions, solve problems and provoke students to encounter the concepts and principles of a discipline. The aim of project base learning is to encourage students to work together towards a goal to foster communication, presentation, assessment, research, inquiry, reflection, participation and leadership skills


 * SQRR/SQ3Rs/SQ4Rs** **think aloud** (is exactly what it says what comes to mind you announce it aloud to be documented (taped writen downe tc., it is a problems solving strategy for humans, usally used by psychologist an speech scientists who want to know more about cognitive process.)


 * think pair shares**


 * venn diagrams.** -are diagrams that show all possible logical relations between a finite collection of sets. Venn Diagrams were concieved around 1880 by John Venn. This activity enables students to organise similarities and differences visually.


 * Web quests-** are inquiry-oriented lessons in which the information are from resources on the internet. There are two kinds of web quests:- Short term and Long-term web quests. **wiki's.** **word walls** **word clouds -** are an attractive visualization and organization of words that can appear in various fonts, layouts, colours and schemes. A word cloud can be used to teach or illustrate an educational idea or topic to children. It is an exciting way to foster children's creative, imaginative and cognitive development.

Writer's workshop is an interdisciplinary writing technique which can build student's fluency in writing, through continuous repeated exposure to the process of writing. Writer's Workshop is a teaching technique that invites students to write by making the process a meaningful part of the classroom curriculum. Ideally students are introduced to the process of writing in the early elementary grades and write daily through varied activities.
 * writers workshop**


 * role-playing**


 * kwl-** is an introductory strategy that provides a structure for recalling what students know about a topic, noting what students want to know, and finally listing what has been learned and is yet to be learned.

s **cavenger hunt:** a popular game for children, it is just like a treasure hunt or an easter egg hunt. It allows the child to use his/her cognitive,psychomotor and physical skills when engaged in this activity

**Organi****zers**: is a visual communication tool that uses visual symbols to express ideas and concepts to convey meaning.The main purpose of a graphic organizer is to provide a visual aid to facilitate learning and instruction. Eg.Teaching children about animals and helping them classify the animals. **Wiki**: The term Wiki is Hawaiian for quick. A wiki is a web technology that allows a web site to be collaboratively constructed and edited without special tools. This is of interest in learning and teaching as it offers students and educators a more active, participate relationship with web based materials. Users can add, remove and edit every page and also share work and ideas, links, videos, pictures, or anything else you can think of using any Web browser.